A straightforward will for an individual to outline how their assets should be distributed after death.

Suitable for people with simple estates and no complex arrangements.

Names beneficiaries, executors, and may appoint guardians for minor children.

Two wills made by a couple (married, civil partners, or cohabiting), where each person leaves their estate to the other.

Often used by couples who have similar wishes regarding the distribution of their assets.

Typically leave everything to the surviving partner. After the surviving partner’s death, assets are distributed to specified beneficiaries (e.g., children).

A single will made by two people (usually a couple) that binds both parties to the terms.

Less common than mirror wills due to its inflexibility.

After one person dies, the surviving person is bound to the terms of the will and cannot change it. Also Suitable for people who want to ensure their agreed intentions cannot be altered after one party’s death.

States an individual’s wishes about medical treatment if they lose mental capacity and cannot communicate their decisions.

Used to refuse certain medical treatments or life-prolonging interventions.

Legally binding under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Does not cover financial matters or appoint someone to make decisions for you (a Lasting Power of Attorney would be needed for this).

Creates a trust within the will to protect assets or provide for specific beneficiaries.

Suitable for complex estates or situations where assets need to be controlled (e.g., providing for minor children or vulnerable dependents).

Allows control over how assets are distributed over time. And Common types include Property Trust Wills and Discretionary Trust Wills.

A handwritten will without witnesses.

Rarely used in the UK, as it generally does not meet the formal requirements under the Wills Act 1837 and may be invalid.

Similar to joint wills but includes a legally binding agreement that the surviving party cannot alter the will.

Often used by couples who wish to ensure the distribution of assets remains fixed after the death of one partner.

Legally enforceable and difficult to change.

Recognized in many countries for individuals with assets or connections abroad.

Suitable for those with property or investments in multiple countries.

Complies with the UNIDROIT Convention on international wills for validity across jurisdictions.

Must be at least 18 years old (16 in Scotland).

The testator must have the mental capacity to understand the will’s effects.

Must be in writing (typed or handwritten).

Signed by the testator in the presence of two independent witnesses (who also sign it).

Must be made voluntarily without undue influence.